Early development of <i>Gongolaria montagnei</i> (Fucales, Phaeophyta) germlings under laboratory conditions, with a view to enhancing restoration potential in the Eastern Mediterranean

Abstract The loss of Mediterranean macroalgal populations dominated by Cystoseira sensu lato is driven a multitude pressures. In the eastern Sea, climate change and establishment Lessepsian herbivore species have further intensified ongoing decline these canopy-forming algae. Knowledge reproductive phenology, embryology growth first step towards successful reforestation measures. Gongolaria montagnei one most common algal with wide horizontal vertical distribution along Greek coasts. Mature receptacles were collected from Saronikos Gulf (Aegean Sea), germlings cultured in mesocosms for 34 days, reaching up to 1.30 mm length. Divisions early developmental stages G. are described possible implications future restoration efforts discussed. A new approach rate modeling, based on surface measurements embryos presented.